The Biodiversity Theme encompasses the full variety of life found in the state, including all species of plants, animals, fungi, microorganisms, and the ecosystems in which they live. While biodiversity refers to all living things, the NRM organisations focus on natural assets native to the state.

Ecologically-functioning systems are those that can maintain their biodiversity and ecological processes. A highly functioning ecosystem can support the full complement of its biodiversity and contribute to a range of ecosystem services. By contrast, poorly functioning ecosystems lose biodiversity and other resources such as soil, water, and nutrients, leading to the local extinction of species. A highly functioning ecosystem is more resilient and has a greater capacity to adapt to change while maintaining similar function, structure, and composition. By protecting and conserving areas that support biodiversity, the diversity of genes, species, communities, and ecosystems is also maintained. It is the suite of species and ecosystems that provide the services for health and well-being, including clean water, air, shelter, and food.

Many agencies and individuals are working to protect and maintain Tasmania’s high value habitat for threatened species, important biodiversity areas and ecological communities. Tasmania’s NRM organisations work with partners to achieve shared strategic outcomes. Community and partner involvement in biodiversity programs range from monitoring, research, and on-ground restoration activities.

There is overlap between the Biodiversity, Land and Water Themes, including the maintenance of biodiversity on farms and resilient landscapes (Land Theme) and the prioritisation of Ramsar sites and aquatic and coastal habitats that support threatened species and ecological communities (Water Theme). The delivery of Actions across all Themes will contribute to the health of Tasmania’s biodiversity resources.